
// gouraud shading based ambient occlusion (PoC) // mouse move to move camera, mouse click to stop motion // press z key to switch ambient occlusion //---------------------------------------------------------------------- package { import flash.display.*; import flash.events.*; import flash.geom.*; import flash.utils.*; [SWF(width='465', height='465', backgroundColor='#000000', frameRate='60')] public class main extends Sprite { // settings private const aoBlendRatio:Number = 0.6; // blending ratio of a.o. private const aoRadius:Number = 8; // pseudo radius for a.o. calculation private const divPlane:int = 16; // partition number of plane private const divSphere:int = 24; // partition number of sphere private const hcResolution:int = 3; // log2 based hemi-cube resolusion // 3D renders private var _materials:Vector.<Material> = new Vector.<Material>(); private var _light:Light = new Light(1,1,1); private var _meshSphere:Mesh = new Mesh(_materials); private var _meshPlane :Mesh = new Mesh(_materials); private var _screen:BitmapData = new BitmapData(465, 465, false, 0); private var _matscr:Matrix = new Matrix(1, 0, 0, 1, 232.5, 232.5); private var gl:Render3D = new Render3D(250); // utils private var _timer:timer = new timer(10, "Total: ##[ms/frame]", "AO calc: ##[ms/frame]", "Rendering: ##[ms/frame]"); // objects private var camera:Vector3D; private var plane:AOPrimitive; private var spheres:Vector.<AOPrimitive> = new Vector.<AOPrimitive>(3); private var aoShade:Vector.<AOPrimitive> = new Vector.<AOPrimitive>(3); private var spheresProjected:Vector.<Point3D> = new Vector.<Point3D>(3); private var aoShadeProjected:Vector.<Point3D> = new Vector.<Point3D>(3); // motions private var motionRadius:Vector.<Number> = Vector.<Number>([ 10, -20, 32]); private var motionFreq :Vector.<Number> = Vector.<Number>([0.20, 0.07,-0.12]); private var motionFreqY :Vector.<Number> = Vector.<Number>([0.12, 0.25, 0.05]); private var vertexCount:int; private var frame:int = 0; private var frameStep:int = 1; private var aoSwitch:Boolean = true; // entry point function main() { var sphereVerticesCount:int = ((divSphere>>1)-1)*divSphere+2, planeVerticesCount:int = (divPlane+1)*(divPlane+1); vertexCount = planeVerticesCount + sphereVerticesCount*3; _timer.title = "Vertices: " + String(vertexCount) + "\n"; camera = new Vector3D(0, -5, -50); plane = new AOPrimitive(0, 0, 0, 0, planeVerticesCount); spheresProjected[0] = spheres[0] = new AOPrimitive(0, 5, 0, aoRadius, sphereVerticesCount); spheresProjected[1] = spheres[1] = new AOPrimitive(0, 5, 0, aoRadius, sphereVerticesCount); spheresProjected[2] = spheres[2] = new AOPrimitive(0, 5, 0, aoRadius, sphereVerticesCount); aoShadeProjected[0] = aoShade[0] = new AOPrimitive(0,-6, 0, aoRadius); aoShadeProjected[1] = aoShade[1] = new AOPrimitive(0,-6, 0, aoRadius); aoShadeProjected[2] = aoShade[2] = new AOPrimitive(0,-6, 0, aoRadius); plane.aoPrimitives.push(spheres[0], spheres[1], spheres[2]); spheres[0].aoPrimitives.push(aoShade[0], spheres[1], spheres[2]); spheres[1].aoPrimitives.push(spheres[0], aoShade[1], spheres[2]); spheres[2].aoPrimitives.push(spheres[0], spheres[1], aoShade[2]); _materials.push((new Material()).setColor(0xffffff, 0, 128, 32, 80)); _createSphere(_meshSphere, 5, divSphere>>1, divSphere); _createPlane(_meshPlane, 80, 80, divPlane, divPlane); addChild(gl).visible = false; addChild(new Bitmap(_screen)); addChild(_timer); addEventListener("enterFrame", _onEnterFrame); stage.addEventListener("click", _onClick); stage.addEventListener("keyUp", _onKeyUp); } private function _onEnterFrame(e:Event) : void { // motion for (var i:int=0; i<3; i++) { spheres[i].x = Math.cos(frame*motionFreq[i]) * motionRadius[i]; spheres[i].y = Math.sin(frame*motionFreqY[i]) * 5 + 10; spheres[i].z = Math.sin(frame*motionFreq[i]) * motionRadius[i]; aoShade[i].x = spheres[i].x; aoShade[i].y = -5; aoShade[i].z = spheres[i].z; } _timer.start(0); // clear screen _screen.fillRect(_screen.rect, 0); // camera gl.id().tv(camera).rx((400-mouseY)*0.15).ry((232-mouseX)*0.5); _light.transformBy(gl.matrix); // project all primitives gl.projectPoint3D(spheresProjected); gl.projectPoint3D(aoShadeProjected); spheresProjected.sort(function(v1:Point3D, v2:Point3D) : Number { return v1.world.z - v2.world.z; }); // plane gl.push().tv(plane).project(_meshPlane); calculateVertexNormal(_meshPlane); if (frameStep) calculateAmbientOcclusion(_meshPlane, plane.aoPrimitives, plane.ao); calculateTexCoordByVertexNormal(_meshPlane, _light, plane.ao); _timer.start(2); _screen.draw(gl.renderTexture(_materials[0]), _matscr); _timer.pause(2); gl.pop(); // spheres for each (var v:Point3D in spheresProjected) { var p:AOPrimitive = AOPrimitive(v); gl.push().tv(p).project(_meshSphere); calculateVertexNormal(_meshSphere); if (frameStep) calculateAmbientOcclusion(_meshSphere, p.aoPrimitives, p.ao); calculateTexCoordByVertexNormal(_meshSphere, _light, p.ao); _timer.start(2); _screen.draw(gl.renderTexture(_materials[0]), _matscr); _timer.pause(2); gl.pop(); } _timer.pause(0); frame += frameStep; } private function _onClick(e:Event) : void { frameStep = 1 - frameStep; } private function _onKeyUp(e:KeyboardEvent) : void { var inkey:String = String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode); if (inkey == "Z") aoSwitch = !aoSwitch; } private function _createSphere(mesh:Mesh, radius:Number, dlat:int, dlong:int) : Mesh { var ilat:int, ilong:int, lat:Number, long:Number, r:Number, vidx:int, slat:Number = 3.141592653589793/dlat, slong:Number = 6.283185307179586/dlong; mesh.vertices.push(0, radius, 0); mesh.texCoord.push(0, 0, 0); for (ilat=1, lat=slat; ilat<dlat; ilat++, lat+=slat) { r = Math.sin(lat) * radius; for (ilong=0, long=-ilat*slong*0.5; ilong<dlong; ilong++, long+=slong) { mesh.vertices.push(Math.cos(long) * r, Math.cos(lat) * radius, Math.sin(long) * r); mesh.texCoord.push(0, 0, 0); } } mesh.vertices.push(0, -radius, 0); mesh.texCoord.push(0, 0, 0); for (ilat=0; ilat<dlat-2; ilat++) { vidx = ilat * dlong + 1; for (ilong=1; ilong<dlong; ilong++, vidx++) { mesh.qface(vidx+1, vidx, vidx+dlong+1, vidx+dlong, 0, true); } mesh.qface(vidx-dlong+1, vidx, vidx+1, vidx+dlong, 0, true); } vidx = dlong * (dlat-1) + 1; for (ilong=0; ilong<dlong-1; ilong++) { mesh.face(0, ilong+1, ilong+2, 0); mesh.face(vidx, vidx-(ilong+1), vidx-(ilong+2), 0); } mesh.face(0, ilong+1, 1, 0); mesh.face(vidx, vidx-(ilong+1), vidx-1, 0); mesh.updateFaces(); mesh.vnormals = new Vector.<Vector3D>(mesh.verticesCount, true); for (var i:int=0; i<mesh.verticesCount; i++) mesh.vnormals[i] = new Vector3D(); return mesh; } private function _createPlane(mesh:Mesh, w:Number, h:Number, divx:int, divy:int) : Mesh { var x:Number, y:Number, ix:int, iy:int, i:int, j:int, hw:Number=w*0.5, hh:Number=h*0.5, dx:Number=1/divx, dy:Number=1/divy; for (y=0, iy=0; iy<=divy; y+=dy, iy++) { for (x=0, ix=0; ix<=divx; x+=dx, ix++) { mesh.vertices.push(x*w-hw, 0, y*h-hh); mesh.texCoord.push(x, y, 0); } } for (iy=0; iy<divy; iy++) { for (ix=0; ix<divx; ix++) { i = iy*(divy+1)+ix; j = i + divy+1; mesh.qface(i, i+1, j, j+1, 0, true); } } mesh.updateFaces(); mesh.vnormals = new Vector.<Vector3D>(mesh.verticesCount, true); for (i=0; i<mesh.verticesCount; i++) mesh.vnormals[i] = new Vector3D(); return mesh; } public function calculateVertexNormal(mesh:Mesh) : void { var i:int, v:Vector3D, fn:Vector3D, n:Number, vnormals:Vector.<Vector3D>=mesh.vnormals; for each (v in vnormals) { v.x = v.y = v.z = v.w = 0; } for each (var face:Face in mesh.faces) { fn = face.normal.world; v = vnormals[face.i0]; v.x += fn.x; v.y += fn.y; v.z += fn.z; v.w += 1; v = vnormals[face.i1]; v.x += fn.x; v.y += fn.y; v.z += fn.z; v.w += 1; v = vnormals[face.i2]; v.x += fn.x; v.y += fn.y; v.z += fn.z; v.w += 1; } for each (v in vnormals) { if (v.w == 0) continue; n = 1/v.w; v.x *= n; v.y *= n; v.z *= n; } mesh.vnormals = vnormals; } private const bmdw:int = 1<<hcResolution; private var v0:Vector3D = new Vector3D(), v1:Vector3D = new Vector3D(), v:Vector3D = new Vector3D(); private var hc0:BitmapData = new BitmapData(bmdw,bmdw,false); private var hcx:Vector.<BitmapData> = Vector.<BitmapData>([ new BitmapData(bmdw, bmdw>>1, false), new BitmapData(bmdw, bmdw>>1, false) ]); private var hcy:Vector.<BitmapData> = Vector.<BitmapData>([ new BitmapData(bmdw, bmdw>>1, false), new BitmapData(bmdw, bmdw>>1, false) ]); private var rect:Rectangle = new Rectangle(); public function calculateAmbientOcclusion(mesh:Mesh, prims:Vector.<AOPrimitive>, aoBuffer:Vector.<Number>) : void { var x:Number, y:Number, z:Number, w:Number, t:Number, v2:Vector3D, p:AOPrimitive, i:int=0, j:int=0, k:int, hci:int, ao:int, ix:int, iy:int, hhc:int = bmdw>>1, hc0s:int = bmdw*bmdw, hcxs:int = hc0s>>1, hcxf:int = bmdw-1, vnormals:Vector.<Vector3D> = mesh.vnormals, vertices:Vector.<Number> = mesh.verticesOnWorld; _timer.start(1); for each (v2 in vnormals) { v1.x = 0.0; v1.y = 0.0; v1.z = 0.0; if ((v2.y < 0.6) && (v2.y > -0.6)) v1.y = -1.0; else if ((v2.z < 0.6) && (v2.z > -0.6)) v1.z = 1.0; else v1.x = 1.0; v0.x = v1.y * v2.z - v1.z * v2.y; v0.y = v1.z * v2.x - v1.x * v2.z; v0.z = v1.x * v2.y - v1.y * v2.x; v0.normalize(); v1.x = v2.y * v0.z - v2.z * v0.y; v1.y = v2.z * v0.x - v2.x * v0.z; v1.z = v2.x * v0.y - v2.y * v0.x; v1.normalize(); // render on hemi-cubes hc0.fillRect(hc0.rect, 1); hcx[0].fillRect(hcx[0].rect, 1); hcx[1].fillRect(hcx[1].rect, 1); hcy[0].fillRect(hcy[0].rect, 1); hcy[1].fillRect(hcy[1].rect, 1); for each (p in prims) { x = p.world.x - vertices[i]; y = p.world.y - vertices[i+1]; z = p.world.z - vertices[i+2]; v.x = x * v0.x + y * v0.y + z * v0.z; v.y = x * v1.x + y * v1.y + z * v1.z; v.z = x * v2.x + y * v2.y + z * v2.z; // hemi-cube front if (v.z > 0) { t = hhc/v.z; w = p.aoRadius * 0.8 * t; rect.x = v.x * t - w + hhc; rect.y = v.y * t - w + hhc; rect.width = w + w; rect.height = w + w; hc0.fillRect(rect, 0); } // hemi-cube x direction if (v.x != 0) { if (v.x > 0) { hci = 0; t = hhc/v.x; } else { hci = 1; t = -hhc/v.x; } w = p.aoRadius * 0.65 * t; rect.x = v.y * t - w + hhc; rect.y = v.z * t - w; rect.width = w + w; rect.height = w + w; hcx[hci].fillRect(rect, 0); } // hemi-cube y direction if (v.y != 0) { if (v.y > 0) { hci = 0; t = hhc/v.y; } else { hci = 1; t = -hhc/v.y; } w = p.aoRadius * 0.65 * t; rect.x = v.x * t - w + hhc; rect.y = v.z * t - w; rect.width = w + w; rect.height = w + w; hcy[hci].fillRect(rect, 0); } } ao = 0; for (k=0; k<hc0s; k++) { ao += hc0.getPixel(k&hcxf, k>>hcResolution); } for (k=0; k<hcxs; k++) { ix = k & hcxf; iy = k >> hcResolution; ao += hcx[0].getPixel(ix, iy) + hcx[1].getPixel(ix, iy) + hcy[0].getPixel(ix, iy) + hcy[1].getPixel(ix, iy); } aoBuffer[j] = ao * 0.005208333333333333; i+=3; j++; } _timer.pause(1); } public function calculateTexCoordByVertexNormal(mesh:Mesh, light:Light, aoBuffer:Vector.<Number>) : void { var x:Number, y:Number, v:Vector3D, i:int=0, j:int=0, vnormals:Vector.<Vector3D>=mesh.vnormals, dir:Vector3D=light, hv:Vector3D=light.halfVector, t:Number = aoBlendRatio, it:Number = 1-aoBlendRatio, offset:Number = 0; if (!aoSwitch) { t = 0; offset = aoBlendRatio*0.8; it = 1-offset; } for each (v in vnormals) { x = dir.x * v.x + dir.y * v.y + dir.z * v.z; y = hv.x * v.x + hv.y * v.y + hv.z * v.z; if (x<0) x = 0; if (y<0) y = 0; mesh.texCoord[i] = x*it + aoBuffer[j]*t + offset; i++; j++; mesh.texCoord[i] = y; i+=2; } } } } import flash.display.*; import flash.text.*; import flash.geom.*; import flash.events.*; import flash.utils.getTimer; class timer extends TextField { public var title:String = ""; private var _time:Vector.<int>; private var _sum :Vector.<int>; private var _stat:Vector.<String>; private var _cnt :int; private var _avc:int; function timer(averagingCount:int, ...stat) : void { _avc = averagingCount; _stat = Vector.<String>(stat); _time = new Vector.<int>(stat.length, true); _sum = new Vector.<int>(stat.length, true); _cnt = new Vector.<int>(stat.length, true); background = true; backgroundColor = 0x00ff00; autoSize = "left"; multiline = true; addEventListener("enterFrame", _onEnterFrame); } public function start(slot:int=0) : void { _time[slot] = getTimer(); } public function pause(slot:int=0) : void { _sum[slot] += getTimer() - _time[slot]; } public function _onEnterFrame(e:Event) : void { if (++_cnt == _avc) { _cnt = 0; var str:String = "", line:String; for (var slot:int = 0; slot<_sum.length; slot++) { line = _stat[slot].replace("##", String(_sum[slot] / _avc)); str += line + "\n"; _sum[slot] = 0; } text = title + str; } } } // 3D Engine //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** Core */ class Render3D extends Shape { /** model view matrix */ public var matrix:Matrix3D; private var _meshProjected:Mesh = null; // projecting mesh private var _facesProjected:Vector.<Face> = new Vector.<Face>(); // projecting face private var _projectionMatrix:Matrix3D; // projection matrix private var _matrixStac:Vector.<Matrix3D> = new Vector.<Matrix3D>(); // matrix stac private var _cmdTriangle:Vector.<int> = Vector.<int>([1,2,2]); // commands to draw triangle private var _cmdQuadrangle:Vector.<int> = Vector.<int>([1,2,2,2]); // commands to draw quadrangle private var _data:Vector.<Number> = new Vector.<Number>(8, true); // data to draw shape private var _clippingZ:Number; // z value of clipping plane /** constructor */ function Render3D(focus:Number=300, clippingZ:Number=0) { var projector:PerspectiveProjection = new PerspectiveProjection() projector.focalLength = focus; _projectionMatrix = projector.toMatrix3D(); _clippingZ = -clippingZ; matrix = new Matrix3D(); _matrixStac.length = 1; _matrixStac[0] = matrix; } // control matrix //-------------------------------------------------- public function clear() : Render3D { matrix = _matrixStac[0]; _matrixStac.length = 1; return this; } public function push() : Render3D { _matrixStac.push(matrix.clone()); return this; } public function pop() : Render3D { matrix = (_matrixStac.length == 1) ? matrix : _matrixStac.pop(); return this; } public function id() : Render3D { matrix.identity(); return this; } public function t(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number) : Render3D { matrix.prependTranslation(x, y, z); return this; } public function tv(v:Vector3D) : Render3D { matrix.prependTranslation(v.x, v.y, v.z); return this; } public function s(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number) : Render3D { matrix.prependScale(x, y, z); return this; } public function sv(v:Vector3D) : Render3D { matrix.prependScale(v.x, v.y, v.z); return this; } public function r(angle:Number, axis:Vector3D) : Render3D { matrix.prependRotation(angle, axis); return this; } public function rv(v:Vector3D) : Render3D { matrix.prependRotation(v.w, v); return this; } public function rx(angle:Number) : Render3D { matrix.prependRotation(angle, Vector3D.X_AXIS); return this; } public function ry(angle:Number) : Render3D { matrix.prependRotation(angle, Vector3D.Y_AXIS); return this; } public function rz(angle:Number) : Render3D { matrix.prependRotation(angle, Vector3D.Z_AXIS); return this; } // projections //-------------------------------------------------- /** project */ public function project(mesh:Mesh) : Render3D { matrix.transformVectors(mesh.vertices, mesh.verticesOnWorld); var fn:Point3D, vs:Vector.<Number> = mesh.verticesOnWorld; var m:Vector.<Number> = matrix.rawData, m00:Number = m[0], m01:Number = m[1], m02:Number = m[2], m10:Number = m[4], m11:Number = m[5], m12:Number = m[6], m20:Number = m[8], m21:Number = m[9], m22:Number = m[10]; _facesProjected.length = 0; for each (var f:Face in mesh.faces) { var i0:int=(f.i0<<1)+f.i0, i1:int=(f.i1<<1)+f.i1, i2:int=(f.i2<<1)+f.i2, x0:Number=vs[i0++], x1:Number=vs[i1++], x2:Number=vs[i2++], y0:Number=vs[i0++], y1:Number=vs[i1++], y2:Number=vs[i2++], z0:Number=vs[i0], z1:Number=vs[i1], z2:Number=vs[i2]; if (z0<_clippingZ && z1<_clippingZ && z2<_clippingZ) { fn = f.normal; fn.world.x = fn.x * m00 + fn.y * m10 + fn.z * m20; fn.world.y = fn.x * m01 + fn.y * m11 + fn.z * m21; fn.world.z = fn.x * m02 + fn.y * m12 + fn.z * m22; if (vs[f.pvi-2]*fn.world.x + vs[f.pvi-1]*fn.world.y + vs[f.pvi]*fn.world.z <= 0) { _facesProjected.push(f); } } } _facesProjected.sort(function(f1:Face, f2:Face):Number{ return vs[f2.pvi] - vs[f1.pvi]; }); _meshProjected = mesh; return this; } /** project slower than transformVectors() but Vector3D.w considerable. */ public function projectPoint3D(points:Vector.<Point3D>) : Render3D { var m:Vector.<Number> = matrix.rawData, p:Point3D, m00:Number = m[0], m01:Number = m[1], m02:Number = m[2], m10:Number = m[4], m11:Number = m[5], m12:Number = m[6], m20:Number = m[8], m21:Number = m[9], m22:Number = m[10], m30:Number = m[12], m31:Number = m[13], m32:Number = m[14]; for each (p in points) { p.world.x = p.x * m00 + p.y * m10 + p.z * m20 + p.w * m30; p.world.y = p.x * m01 + p.y * m11 + p.z * m21 + p.w * m31; p.world.z = p.x * m02 + p.y * m12 + p.z * m22 + p.w * m32; } return this; } // rendering //-------------------------------------------------- /** render solid */ public function renderSolid(light:Light) : Render3D { var idx:int, mat:Material, materials:Vector.<Material> = _meshProjected.materials, vout:Vector.<Number> = _meshProjected.verticesOnScreen; Utils3D.projectVectors(_projectionMatrix, _meshProjected.verticesOnWorld, vout, _meshProjected.texCoord); graphics.clear(); for each (var face:Face in _facesProjected) { mat = materials[face.mat]; graphics.beginFill(mat.getColor(light, face.normal.world), mat.alpha); idx = face.i0<<1; _data[0] = vout[idx]; idx++; _data[1] = vout[idx]; idx = face.i1<<1; _data[2] = vout[idx]; idx++; _data[3] = vout[idx]; idx = face.i2<<1; _data[4] = vout[idx]; idx++; _data[5] = vout[idx]; if (face.i3 == -1) { graphics.drawPath(_cmdTriangle, _data); } else { idx = face.i3<<1; _data[6] = vout[idx]; idx++; _data[7] = vout[idx]; graphics.drawPath(_cmdQuadrangle, _data); } graphics.endFill(); } return this; } /** render with texture */ private var _indices:Vector.<int> = new Vector.<int>(); // temporary index list public function renderTexture(texture:BitmapData) : Render3D { var idx:int, mat:Material, indices:Vector.<int> = _indices; indices.length = 0; for each (var face:Face in _facesProjected) { indices.push(face.i0, face.i1, face.i2); } Utils3D.projectVectors(_projectionMatrix, _meshProjected.verticesOnWorld, _meshProjected.verticesOnScreen, _meshProjected.texCoord); graphics.clear(); graphics.beginBitmapFill(texture, null, false, true); graphics.drawTriangles(_meshProjected.verticesOnScreen, indices, _meshProjected.texCoord); graphics.endFill(); return this; } } /** Point3D */ class Point3D extends Vector3D { public var world:Vector3D; function Point3D(x:Number=0, y:Number=0, z:Number=0, w:Number=1) { super(x,y,z,w); world=clone(); } } /** Face */ class Face { public var i0:int, i1:int, i2:int, i3:int, pvi:int, mat:int, normal:Point3D; static private var _freeList:Vector.<Face> = new Vector.<Face>(); static public function free(face:Face) : void { _freeList.push(face); } static public function alloc(i0:int, i1:int, i2:int, i3:int, mat:int) : Face { var f:Face = _freeList.pop() || new Face(); f.i0=i0; f.i1=i1; f.i2=i2; f.i3=i3; f.pvi=0; f.mat=mat; return f; } } /** Mesh */ class Mesh { public var materials:Vector.<Material>; // material list public var verticesCount:int; public var vertices:Vector.<Number>; // vertex public var verticesOnWorld:Vector.<Number>; // vertex on camera coordinate public var verticesOnScreen:Vector.<Number>; // vertex on screen public var texCoord:Vector.<Number>; // texture coordinate public var faces:Vector.<Face> = new Vector.<Face>(); // face list public var vnormals:Vector.<Vector3D>; // vertex normal /** constructor */ function Mesh(materials:Vector.<Material>) { this.materials = materials; this.vertices = new Vector.<Number>(); this.texCoord = new Vector.<Number>(); this.verticesOnWorld = new Vector.<Number>(); this.verticesOnScreen = new Vector.<Number>(); this.vnormals = null; this.verticesCount = 0; } /** clear all faces */ public function clear() : Mesh { for each (var face:Face in faces) Face.free(face); faces.length = 0; return this; } /** register face */ public function face(i0:int, i1:int, i2:int, mat:int=0) : Mesh { faces.push(Face.alloc(i0, i1, i2, -1, mat)); return this; } /** register quadrangle face. set div=true to divide into 2 triangles. */ public function qface(i0:int, i1:int, i2:int, i3:int, mat:int=0, div:Boolean=true) : Mesh { if (div) faces.push(Face.alloc(i0, i1, i2, -1, mat), Face.alloc(i3, i2, i1, -1, mat)); else faces.push(Face.alloc(i0, i1, i3, i2, mat)); return this; } /** update face gravity point and normal */ public function updateFaces() : Mesh { verticesCount = vertices.length/3; var vs:Vector.<Number> = vertices; for each (var f:Face in faces) { var i0:int=(f.i0<<1)+f.i0, i1:int=(f.i1<<1)+f.i1, i2:int=(f.i2<<1)+f.i2; var x01:Number=vs[i1]-vs[i0], x02:Number=vs[i2]-vs[i0]; f.pvi = vs.length+2; vs.push((vs[i0++] + vs[i1++] + vs[i2++]) * 0.333333333333); var y01:Number=vs[i1]-vs[i0], y02:Number=vs[i2]-vs[i0]; vs.push((vs[i0++] + vs[i1++] + vs[i2++]) * 0.333333333333); var z01:Number=vs[i1]-vs[i0], z02:Number=vs[i2]-vs[i0]; vs.push((vs[i0++] + vs[i1++] + vs[i2++]) * 0.333333333333); f.normal = new Point3D(y02*z01-y01*z02, z02*x01-z01*x02, x02*y01-x01*y02, 0); f.normal.normalize(); if (f.i3 != -1) { var i3:int = (f.i3<<1)+f.i3; vs[f.pvi-2] = vs[f.pvi-2]*0.75 + vs[i3++]*0.25; vs[f.pvi-1] = vs[f.pvi-1]*0.75 + vs[i3++]*0.25; vs[f.pvi] = vs[f.pvi] *0.75 + vs[i3] *0.25; } } return this; } } /** Light */ class Light extends Point3D { public var halfVector:Vector3D = new Vector3D(); /** constructor (set position) */ function Light(x:Number=1, y:Number=1, z:Number=1) { super(x, y, z, 0); normalize(); } /** projection */ public function transformBy(matrix:Matrix3D) : void { world = matrix.deltaTransformVector(this); halfVector.x = world.x; halfVector.y = world.y; halfVector.z = world.z + 1; halfVector.normalize(); } } /** Material */ class Material extends BitmapData { public var alpha:Number = 1; // The alpha value is available for renderSolid() public var doubleSided:int = 0; // set doubleSided=-1 if double sided material /** constructor */ function Material(dif:int=128, spc:int=128) { super(dif, spc, false); } /** set color. */ public function setColor(col:uint, amb:int=64, dif:int=192, spc:int=0, pow:Number=8) : Material { fillRect(rect, col); var lmap:LightMap = new LightMap(width, height); draw(lmap.diffusion(amb, dif), null, null, "hardlight"); draw(lmap.specular (spc, pow), null, null, "add"); lmap.dispose(); return this; } /** calculate color by light and normal vector. */ public function getColor(l:Light, n:Vector3D) : uint { var dir:Vector3D = l.world, hv:Vector3D = l.halfVector; var ln:int = int((dir.x * n.x + dir.y * n.y + dir.z * n.z) * (width-1)), hn:int = int((hv.x * n.x + hv.y * n.y + hv.z * n.z) * (height-1)); if (ln<0) ln = (-ln) & doubleSided; if (hn<0) hn = (-hn) & doubleSided; return getPixel(ln, hn); } } class LightMap extends BitmapData { function LightMap(dif:int, spc:int) { super(dif, spc, false); } public function diffusion(amb:int, dif:int) : BitmapData { var col:int, rc:Rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, 1, height), ipk:Number = 1 / width; for (rc.x=0; rc.x<width; rc.x+=1) { col = ((rc.x * (dif - amb)) * ipk) + amb; fillRect(rc, (col<<16)|(col<<8)|col); } return this; } public function specular(spc:int, pow:Number) : BitmapData { var col:int, rc:Rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, 1), mpk:Number = (pow + 2) * 0.15915494309189534, ipk:Number = 1 / height; for (rc.y=0; rc.y<height; rc.y+=1) { col = Math.pow(rc.y * ipk, pow) * spc * mpk; if (col > 255) col = 255; fillRect(rc, (col<<16)|(col<<8)|col); } return this; } } // Ambient Occlusion Primitive class AOPrimitive extends Point3D { public var aoPrimitives:Vector.<AOPrimitive> = new Vector.<AOPrimitive>(); public var aoRadius:Number, ao:Vector.<Number>; function AOPrimitive(x:Number=0, y:Number=0, z:Number=0, r:Number=0, vc:int=0) { super(x, y, z, 1); aoRadius = r; ao = new Vector.<Number>(vc, true); } }